Image analysis of atmospheric corrosion of field exposure high strength aluminium alloys

The corrosion morphology image acquisition system which can be used in the field was established. In Beijing atmospheric corrosion exposure station, the image acquisition system was used to capture the early stage corrosion morphology of five types of high strength aluminium alloy specimens. After the denoise treatment, wavelet-based image analysis method was applied to decompose the improved images and energies of sub-images were extracted as character information. Based on the variation of image energy values, the corrosion degree of aluminium alloy specimens was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The conclusion was basically identical with the result based on the corrosion weight loss. This method is supposed to be effective to analysis and quantify the corrosion damage from image of field exposure aluminium alloy specimens.     

SiC纤维增强Ti17合金复合材料轴向残余应力的拉曼光谱和X射线衍射法对比研究

准确测量和分析SiC纤维增强Ti合金复合材料(SiC_f/Ti)中残余应力状态对优化复合材料的成型工艺和理解其失效模式具有重要意义,但其残余应力的实验测量和分析仍是一个挑战.石墨C涂层作为SiC纤维与Ti17基体合金之间必需的扩散障涂层,承载了由纤维与基体之间热不匹配引入的残余应力.本文采用显微拉曼光谱法对比测量纤维表面C涂层在复合材料中和去掉基体无应力态下G峰的峰位,通过石墨C涂层应力态下峰位移动计算出SiCf/C/Ti17复合材料中SiC纤维受到～705.0 MPa的残余压应力.采用X射线衍射方法测量了不同方向上该复合材料中基体钛合金的晶面间距以获取其空间应变,根据三轴应力模型分析了复合材料中基体钛合金沿轴向方向的残余应力为～701.3 MPa的张应力,并通过线性弹性理论转化为SiC纤维的残余压应力为～759.4 MPa.两种测试方法都确定了SiC纤维在成型过程中受到残余压应力,且获得的应力值较为接近,都可以用于对SiC_f/Ti复合材料的残余应力测量.     

海泡石对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯燃烧和热分解的影响

将改性后的海泡石添加到聚磷酸铵(APP)和双季戊四醇(DPER)膨胀阻燃聚丙烯(PP/IFR)体系中,采用氧指数(LOI)、热重分析(TGA)、光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、锥形量热仪(CONE)和扫描电镜(SEM)考察其对膨胀阻燃体系的催化协效作用,探讨作用机理.LOI结果表明,改性的海泡石比纳米水滑石和有机改性的蒙脱土有更好的催化协效作用.CONE数据证实,海泡石可以降低膨胀阻燃聚丙烯体系的热释放速率和总的热释放量.通过观察SEM图片发现,海泡石可以改善膨胀炭层的形貌,提高炭层的隔热隔质性能.TGA结果表明,在氮气和空气气氛下,海泡石均可以提高膨胀炭层的热稳定性,增加高温时残余物的量,其主要作用对象为APP.FTIR和XPS测试发现加热过程中海泡石可以与APP发生化学反应,形成P—O—Si键,增加了APP高温时的稳定性.     

Resonant transmission in three-terminal triangle graphene nanojunctions with zigzag edges

Three-terminal nanojunctions based on triangle zigzag edged graphene flakes are proposed and their transport properties are studied. In the solid and hollow triangle graphene junctions, there exist different resonant transmissions due to the different electronic states in the two structures. The quasi-bound states in the solid junction are confined in the inner of the triangle flake, while those in the hollow junction are confined at the zigzag edges. In addition, these states are tightly associated with the size of the triangle flake, thus the resonant transmissions in the triangle graphene junctions can be tuned by the structural size and geometry.     

Double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings based on La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7/La2Ce2O7 deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

Double-ceramic-layer (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La₂(Zr_0.7Ce_0.3)₂O₇ (LZ7C3) and La₂Ce₂O₇ (LC) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The composition, interdiffusion, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, cyclic oxidation behavior of DCL coating were studied. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that both LZ7C3 and LC coatings are effectively fabricated by a single LZ7C3 ingot with properly controlling the deposition energy. The chemical compatibility of LC coating and thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer is unstable. LaAlO₃ is formed due to the chemical reaction between LC and Al₂O₃ which is the main composition of TGO layer. Additionally, the thermal cycling behavior of DCL coating is influenced by the interdiffusion of Zr and Ce between LZ7C3 and LC coatings. The failure of DCL coating is a result of the sintering of LZ7C3 coating surface, the chemical incompatibility of LC coating and TGO layer and the abnormal oxidation of bond coat. Since no single material that has been studied so far satisfies all the requirements for high temperature applications, DCL coating is an important development direction of TBCs.     

Enhanced coercivity in sponge magnets with three dimensionally ordered nanopores

Nanoporous magnets are new promising materials particularly useful in biological assays and ion separations. This letter deals with a simple method for making porous magnets composed of cobalt ferrite, where polymer colloidal spheres were used as sacrificial templates. Compared with the bulk congener the porous cobalt ferrite shows enhancements in coercive field and magnetization, which could be associated with the presence of nanopores ordered three dimensionally. Using the sponge magnet complete removal of magnetic Cu and Fe ions was achieved while partial removal was observed with porous silicate having the same size of nanopores.     

An Ito–Taylor weak 3.0 method for stochastic dynamics of nonlinear systems

A new framework for development of order 3.0 weak Taylor scheme towards stochastic modeling and dynamics of coupled nonlinear systems is presented. The proposed method is derived by including third order multiple stochastic integral terms of Ito–Taylor expansion and developing them for a wide class of stochastic nonlinear systems. For computing the system responses of linear and a wide class of nonlinear structural systems, the use of lower order integration schemes is sufficient. But for highly non-linear stochastically driven systems like base isolated hysteretic systems and degrading stochastic systems the evaluation of higher order terms is necessary. Additionally, the use of higher order integration schemes for stochastic dynamics of higher dimensional nonlinear systems remains a challenge due to the arising mathematical complexities with the increase in the number of DOFs (degrees-of-freedom) which really necessitates the development of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is verified using a representative class of coupled nonlinear system in presence and absence of nonlinear degradation and hysteretic oscillators. The efficiency of the proposed numerical scheme over classical integration schemes is demonstrated through a practical engineering problem. Finally, an automated extension of the proposed algorithm is presented by generalizing it for a system of N-DOFs.     

数字梯度敏感方法及其在航空透明件断裂力学中的应用

本文将数字梯度敏感方法用于航空透明件断裂力学问题研究。首先,基于透明材料的弹性-光学效应,建立了透明件应力状态与光线穿过透明件后的偏转角之间的关系。在平面应力假设下,利用最小二乘拟合建立了I型裂纹尖端应力强度因子与光学偏转角的关系。其次,通过数字梯度敏感方法搭建非接触光学测试平台,开展了带单边裂纹的航空有机玻璃试件三点弯曲实验,应用数字梯度敏感方法提取了I型裂纹尖端应力强度因子。最后,通过选择不同计算子区域和步长大小,分析了数字梯度敏感方法中的子区域和步长选择对计算结果的影响。研究结果表明,数字梯度敏感方法实验所得应力强度因子与经验公式计算所得结果偏差小于10%,通过增加最小二乘拟合项数以及合理的子区域和步长选择可以减小数字梯度敏感方法计算应力强度因子误差。     

Reliability assessment on interfacial failure of thermal barrier coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) usually exhibit an uncertain lifetime owing to their scattering mechanical properties and severe service conditions. To consider these uncertainties, a reliability assessment method is proposed based on failure probability analysis. First, a limit state equa-tion is established to demarcate the boundary between failure and safe regions, and then the failure probability is calculated by the integration of a probability density function in the failure area according to the first-or second-order moment. It is shown that the parameters related to interfacial failure follow a Weibull distribution in two types of TBC. The inter-facial failure of TBCs is significantly affected by the thermal mismatch of material properties and the temperature drop in service.